15 Types of sanders | And what power sanders to use?

A belt sander is used to shape wood and other materials as the most aggressive hand sanding tool.

A belt sander is the best tool for fast and serious initial sanding on the roughest of surfaces that need to be sanded back quickly.

There are cordless belt sanders that are a little under-powered.

The corded belt sanders have all the power on tap that you need to provide the fastest most aggressive sanding tool.

2. When to use an orbital sander?

An orbital sander is used if you want to achieve an ultra-smooth surface in a fast time frame. Due to its orbital motion, it can produce a flawless finishing surface, especially on larger areas.

One common misconception people have is the difference between an orbit and orbital motion.

To clear that out, an orbit is a simple spinning motion, while orbital is a random dimensional motion.

A cordless orbital sander that is more portable is best, such as the Makita palm sander that can give you flexibility and powerful performance.

3. When to use a finishing sander?

A finishing sander is used for shaping, smoothing, a hassle-free polish on wooden surfaces much like an orbital sander. But instead with a back and forth motion instead of a circular motion. This is better for sanding wood that will have an exposed wood grain finish rather than a painted finish.

The back and forth motion sands along the wood grain leaving a smoother finish. Although it is much less powerful than an orbital sander, hence a “finishing sander.”

You can use a corded finishing sander if you’re going to skip manual sanding as a finishing sander requires more grunt with its more limiting motion.

But you do get a more refined and smoother finish over the top of any other type of sander by using a finishing sander right at the end over the top of a more aggressive orbital or belt sander. 

You can get a lightweight and portable finishing sander  that can provide you with an easier and quicker finish than what can be achieved by hand.

4. When to use a file sander?

A file sander is used if you want to smoothen tight surfaces or corners that are not reachable by bigger types of sanders or hand sandpaper.

You can use it between timbers of chairs or when you want to get rid of old paint or rusting on rails.

Also known as a finger sander, it has a narrow belt making it an excellent tool if you’re going to do detailed work such as auto body repairs or smoothing small features on any of your projects.

5. When to use a detail sander?

A detail sander is used to get into the corners or edges that your typical finishing or orbital sander cannot reach.

This sanding tool has a triangular pad and consists of self-adhesive paper, with also multiple attachments to do more precise work. 

It is the only sander that comes in a triangular shape to serve its purpose: to reach tight spaces and corners like the chairs’ edges.

6. When to use an oscillating tool as a sander?

An oscillating tool is used to reach narrow spaces if a detail sander is not available.

It is also ideal for cutting wood and metal in awkward places that other saws cannot as a second function.

With a sander head attachment, it acts in a similar way to a detail sander, but better in my opinion.

A multi-tool can finish sand in tight spaces that other types of bigger sanders cannot reach even what detail sanders cannot reach.

As an oscillating tool that can also scrape and cut material, it’s an incredibly versatile and time-saving machine.

7. When to use a table sander?

A table sander, also known as a bench sander, is used for small projects inside a dedicated workshop. This sander can be mounted on a workbench or on a dedicated stand.

Typically used in woodworking shops and factories it is ideal for bulk work. 

It is also considered a powerful sanding tool that can shape wood and sharpen tools quickly and efficiently.

8. When to use a disk sander?

A disk sander is a power tool installed on a bench for quickly smoothing wooden or metal surfaces with stability.

If you are looking for a stationary sanding tool that will result in a better quality finish that can save your time inside a dedicated workshop, you should look into a disk sander.

They come with options of different types of disk wheels with various grits depending on the material you are using and what stage of sanding you are at.

9. Can you use a bench grinder to sand?

A bench grinder is typically used to grind harder materials like metals, but once you have the right wheel attachment, you could do some tricks with it, such as sanding and shaping wood.

Although grinding and polishing wood is totally different from grinding and polishing metals, you can still sand wood.

All it takes is the right attachment and technique. Consider choosing a powerful Dewalt or  jet bench grinder with variable speed to reduce overheating.

10. Can you use an angle grinder to sand?

You can use an angle grinder for sanding if you have a grinding attachment for sanding wood, these attachments are great for fast sanding for great-looking rustic landscaping work.

The ability to change and handle and corresponding wheels or accessories is the key to achieve a perfect sanding experience.

A handheld grinder is a versatile type of sander that can help you with grinding and cutting metal or tile, polishing, and sanding, and sharpening various materials, at the same time. 

11. When to use a drywall sander?

A drywall sander is used when sanding interior walls, plastered walls, and ceilings.

It can also be used to remove old paint layers, and plaster coatings. A drywall sander is an effective tool for sanding walls and finishing floors.

Today, you will most likely encounter electric drywall sanders that are more efficient and easy to use as they have a long handle that can reach high and low spots to save your back.

12. When to use an oscillating spindle sander?

An oscillating spindle sander is installed as or on a table and used to sand the board edges [2]. It is also ideal to use if you want to smoothen curved cuts that came from a band saw, for example.

It has a tabletop and sanding drum that works together in an up-and-down motion and has a variety of sanding drums available.

13. When to use a concrete floor sander?

A concrete floor sander is used for removing layers of concrete surfaces like cement concrete and mortar.

It can also be used if you are planning to sand down just a part of the concrete surface.

A concrete floor sander has a powerful motor, this is why it can remove and sand concrete surfaces in your garage, patio, kitchen, or basement.

Various floor sander types are commonly used in construction or semi-professional working environments.

14. When to use a wooden floor sander?

A floor sander is used if you are going to remove the top surfaces of your wooden floor by sanding it using abrasive grit.

There are various types of floor sanders and deck sanding tools that you can choose depending on your job, such as a vibrating sander, edge sander, and drum sander.

While there are varieties, they all belong to furniture refinishing tools to help you sand your wooden floor and save your back.

15. Sanding by hand with a sanding block

A sanding block is used to hold sandpaper for manual “hand” related jobs, sanding blocks are ideal for preventing waves when sanding by hand, which usually appear if you will use sandpaper only or a solid wood block.

There are various sandpaper grits to consider when sanding by hand just like when you sand using a power tool.

Conclusion

Sanding is one of the essential but challenging jobs with woodworking. There are various sanding jobs, and each job requires a specific sanding tool. This is why, as a DIYer or a woodworker, you should know about all the different wood sander types and when to use them.

It is not enough to know all of these tools, but you should also save yourself a ton of time by picking the right tool for the job and learning the tool’s proper use.

Note that the appropriate sander type will save you from any rough finish or hassle and give you a superb and satisfying finish in the end. 

As a DIY’er and if you were to only pick 3 tools I would pick first a sanding block, second a random orbital sander, and finally, an oscillating tool because of its wide variety of handy functions, ranging from cutting in tight spots and doubling as a detail sander.